Respiratory Acidosis

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 DEFINITION OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

     Respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the body. Excess of CO2 causing the pH of blood and other body fluids to decrease, making them too acidic. Respiratory acidosis is usually caused by an underlying disease or condition.

     In the simple way, respiratory acidosis can be defined as medical condition in which decreased respiration (hyperventilation) causes the increased of blood carbon dioxide concentration and the decreased of blood pH.

RISK OF FACTORS FOR RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Respiratory acidosis can be subcategorized as acute or chronic. It is caused by :

·         Acute lung condition (pneumonia)

·         Pulmonary edema

·         Chronic lung disease (asthma, cystic fibrosis)

·         Overdose of narcotics or sedatives

·         Brain injury that affects the respiratory site

·         Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Clinical manifestations can be described as signs and symptoms. So, clinical manifestations for respiratory acidosis includes :

·         Hypoventilation

·         Rapid, Shallow Respirations

·         Low Blood Pressure with Vasodilation

·         Dyspnea ( shortness of breath)

·         Headache

·         Hyperkalaemia (potassium higher)

·         Dysrhythmias (abnormal disturbed rhythm)

·         Drowsiness

·         Dizziness

·         Disorientation

·         Muscle Weakness

·         Hyperreflexia

 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

·         Arterial blood gas

Which measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Healthcare workers will take a sample of your blood from the artery and high levels of carbon dioxide shows acidosis.

·         Electrolytes

Measure levels of certain minerals and salts in your body including sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate.

·         Pulmonary function test

To measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning. These tests include spirometry (breathe in  and out using spirometer), lung volume test, gas diffusion test and exercise test.

·         Chest X-Ray

·         Basic metabolic panel

·         CT scan of the chest

NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

The following are the possible nursing diagnosis for Respiratory Acidosis:

·         Impaired Gas Exchange

·         Ineffective Breathing pattern

·         Ineffective Tissue Perfusion

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